System earthing is primarily required to ensure that the potential of each conductor of the system restricts to its desired value for which the insulation is provided. This applies whether the source of the disturbance is lightning, power system switching activities, or faults in the. Types of earthing systems electrical engineering centre. Grounding system analysis gsa is an engineering software for earth grid calculations and design including soil resistivity analysis. Power systems analysis and simulation software are ubiquitous in electrical engineering practice. Full earthing analysis uses stateoftheart software to. Fast analysis of irregular largescale renewable ground grid application. Sep 12, 2014 lightning protection design, earthing system design lightning protection for buildings design duration. It affects the magnitude and distribution of short circuit currents through the system, and the effects it creates on equipment and people in the proximity of the circuit. Our lpi earthing calculator is used to give preliminary estimations for earthing installations in power system and lightning applications. Analysis of system of intertted grids 41 basic considerations 41 ladder circuit solution 42 an approximate solution to the problem 44 voltage decay along a very long buried conductor 46 7. Multigroundz plus, rightofway pro, sestlc pro, sesenviroplus and sesshield3d software packages. Design safe buried earthing and grounding systems for applications including substations, power plants, transmission lines, transformers, mining, commercial and. Using software programs to model grounding systems and perform analysis is now standard for all but the simplest grounding.
Calculation of of the preliminary grid resistance, rg, of the grounding system in uniform soil. An introduction to grounding calculations and why they are. Last post i already discuss about earthing system classification. This paper presents mathematical models on which developed software tool for calculation of the grounding system parameters is based. Video an introduction to grounding calculations and why they are necessary. A correctly functioning earthing system is essential for safe operation of the system and protecting personnel and livestock against electric shock. Sep, 2017 an introduction to grounding calculations and why they are necessary. Grounding earthing design package for large substations, power plants, hvdc substations and electrode design, solar power plants and hydroelectric power plants. A grounding system design requires several iterations before obtaining a safe configuration. Initially, they were used to quickly solve the nonlinear load flow problem and calculate short circuit currents, but their use has been extended to many other areas such as power system stability, protection and coordination, contingency reliability, economic modelling, etc. To download your copy of excel spreadsheet for grounding system design calculations of ac substation, please click on the link. Earthing calculations regarding your safety youre overdue an update. This time i want explain detail about type of earthing systems earthing system is designed followed by electrical system required and the application.
Proper earthing is a basic protection against ac line disturbances. In an electrical installation, an earthing system uk or grounding system us connects specific parts of that installation with the earths conductive surface for safety and functional purposes. The choice of earthing system can affect the safety and electromagnetic compatibility of the installation. Important formulas for designing a substation grid earthing system. Electrical engineers use powertools to perform harmonic analysis, transient stability analysis, short circuit analysis, and to determine demand load, voltage drop, arcflash hazard analysis and protective device coordination. Soil measurement data based on wenner fourpin method. Earthing design approach for large solar pv farms software modelling is necessary for main substation grid areas, step. Calculationofimportantdesignparametersforgroundingsystemsinsu.
Gsa is highly appreciated for its ease of use, user interface and quality of graphic output. Thank you for your question regarding how to calculate the resistance of an earthing pit for a particular area. The cross section of the buried cable should calculated in accordance with the value of the phasetoearth short. Annex c of the standard uses a graphical method to approximate the grid current. The resulting earthing types are displayed both on the one line diagram and for the various connected cables. An earthing system is circuitry which connects parts of the electric circuit with the ground. The earthing system also ensures that no thermal or mechanical damage occurs on the equipment within the substation, thereby, resulting in safety to operation and maintenance personnel. System grounding and earthing types analysis software etap. Ground enhancement material gem is a superior conductive material that solves your toughest grounding problems by reducing earth resistance and impedance measurements. High efficient multicore parallel calculation allows fast analysis of irregular large scale renewable applications. Easypower is the exclusive representative of xgslab software in the usa and canada. With over 25 years of development, tecat plus is the best costbenefit solution on the market, with full numerical calculations in 4layer soil one of the best in the world of resistivity, grid resistance and shortcircuit potentials. Ground grid systems software ground grid design ieee 80. The autogrounddesign software package is the only fully automated software tool that can analyze and design grounding systems without the intervention of the.
Earthing calculations safe earthing system design forget. In such a case, all earth faults would return to the source via the earthing system notwithstanding some small leakage through earth. Electrical earthing system design fundimentals and. Protective earthing pe conductor sizing software cable. The single linetoground fault current is actually divided and redivided as it passes through the grid, reducing the actual current at any given point in the system. Make planning easier with the various calculation programmes in dehnsupport toolbox a software for electrical planning engineers. That part of the earthing system which interconnects the overall metallic parts of electrical installation e. Build custom earthing systems, using finiteelements determine a safe design overview features videos screenshots faq testimonials training overview determine earthing system performance, touch and step voltage safety compliance. Autogrounddesign worldwide leader in grounding, earthing. Implementation of a lightning protection system including freestanding pylons on site is also feasible. Etap model for earth mat design etap model for earth. Ground network design algorithm block diagram in figure 1 is the sort earthing studies of power networks and the algorithm can be expressed as follows. Earthing design electrotechnik pty ltdelectrical calculations.
The earthing system is designed so that the allowable touch and step voltages do not be exceeded. The tools either come as standalone packages or plugin modules to power system analysis software such as ptws groundmat or etaps ground grid design assessment. This applies whether the source of the disturbance is lightning, powersystem switching activities, or faults in the. Groundingearthing design package for large substations, power plants, hvdc substations and electrode design, solar power plants and hydroelectric power plants. How to determine correct number of earthing electrodes strips, plates and pipes part 1 there is no general rule to calculate the exact number of earth pits and size of earthing strip, but discharging of leakage current is certainly dependent on the cross section area of the material so for any equipment the earth strip size is calculated. Pdf grounding system design in electrical substation. Earthing system is made of a mesh of buried bare copper cable, with additional earth rods, and shall be calculated, being recommended to use ieee std. Its cdegs suite of software packages is the state of the art in this field of expertise and an industry reference worldwide. Electrical earthing system design fundimentals and design. Lp consultants international pvt ltd 214,729 views 5. It have different earthing system for each electrical application such as consumer.
The cymgrd software is a substation grounding grid design and analysis program specially developed to help engineers optimize the design of new grids and reinforce existing grids, of any shape, by virtue of easy to use, builtin danger point evaluation facilities. The main purpose of this work is the development of an optimization model for the design of the grounding grid in electrical substations. The solution delivered determines the type and location of air terminals on a structure, as well as provides a detailed list of the installation accessories, fixings and earthing components needed. Spe is one of the few companies in the uk to possess the industry standard cdegs grounding software package and have the knowledge to use it we are cdegs consultants. Ground grid systems software ground grid design ieee. Lightning protection design, earthing system design lightning protection for buildings design duration. Using the fault simulation capacity in cdegs earthing services design engineers are able to theoretically determine how a given electrical earthing system may behave in the event of an electrical fault. Abstract this paper presents the equations for calculating safe touch and. Calculation of the footing resistance 33 development of the finite expression 33 model i. An introduction to grounding calculations and why they are necessary. Earthing calculator lightning protection services lpi. Home download center electrical software earthing mat design for substation. Software tool for grounding system design springerlink.
With over 126 years experience, furse provide a renowned total solution for earthing, lightning risk and electronic systems protection. Is using cdegs for design of the substation earthing. Components of electrical earthing system earth continuity conductor or earth wire. Is using cdegs for design of the substation earthing system. Pdf electrical earthing grounding systems a technical. In order to properly perform their function, grounding system should have low resistance, thus limiting the potential values at the ground surface during the highest values of fault currents. I mention earthing system have a several types such as tt,it,tnc,tns and tncs. Earthing mat design for a power substation ms excel. Imagine a wind farm producing electricity, the substation seen around the 17s mark distributes the power generated, at around the 27s mark a fault occurs, at the 30s mark a color is emitted from the ground this is where groundingearthing analysis software can. Software products ses india grounding, earthing, software. We recommend the use of a computer modeling programs such as the engineering simulation software called cdegs. And the grid conductor materials will be as indicated in above grounding system calculations worksheet. The earthing design process the design of an earthing system for a small distribution substation is, in essence, no different to that of any larger substation, and in fact can be more onerous due to close proximity to other systemsservices, and direct connection via cable sheaths to consumers premises. Design safe buried earthing and grounding systems for applications.
How to determine correct number of earthing electrodes. Protective earthing conductor sizing calculation is based on a selected standard such as nfpa 70 nec section 250. Gem calculator ground enhancement material gem is a superior conductive material that solves your toughest grounding problems by reducing earth resistance and impedance measurements. Safegrid earthing electrotechnik pty ltdelectrical. The professional planning and realisation of a comprehensive lightning and surge protection system can be rather complicated. Design safe buried earthing and grounding systems for applications including substations, power plants, transmission lines. If 1ohm is still in circulation on your documentation then this section applies to you even though the earthing calculations for determining a safe system earth ground has shifted away from an arbitrary resistance figure, usually software is a substation grounding grid design and analysis program specially developed to help engineers optimize the design of new grids and reinforce existing grids, of any shape, by virtue of easy to use, builtin danger point evaluation facilities.
It is the ideal material to use in areas of poor conductivity, such as rocky ground, mountain tops and sandy soil. The system earthing is so designed that it should facilitate the efficient and quick operation of protective relays in case of any earth fault. Design of earthing grounding system in a substation grid. Introduction testing of earthing systems enables confirmation of the design values. Grounding design calculations part seventeen electrical. Earthing mat design for substation spreadsheet photo by input fields as per ansiieee std 801986 code. Determine earthing system performance, touch and step voltage safety compliance. Many software programs assume all earth conductors. Our customers include some of the biggest energy and engineering companies in brazil and latin america, in the fields of energy generation. A grounding system or earthing system is a protection system for electrical installations that connects parts of them with the conductive surface of the earth. Calculationofimportantdesignparametersforgroundingsystemsi. Implementation of a lightning protection system including freestanding pylons on site is. Above all, because it is not a subject that most people deal with on a daily basis.
Power system earthing power system consultants spe. Safegrid earthing electrotechnik pty ltdelectrical calculations. It is difficult to account for the large number of variables e. Cyme power engineering software the cyme power engineering software is a suite of applications composed of a network editor, analysis modules and usercustomizable model libraries from which you can choose to get the most powerful solution. Imagine a wind farm producing electricity, the substation seen around the 17s mark distributes the power generated, at around the 27s mark a fault occurs, at the 30s mark a color is emitted from the ground this is where grounding earthing analysis software can determine step and touch voltages.
In the uk, this system is also known as protective multiple earthing pme, because of the practice of connecting the combined neutralandearth conductor via the shortest practicable route to a local earthrod at the source and at each premises, to provide both system earthing and equipment earthing at each of these locations. The point of reference is the earths conductive surface. The problem is formulated as a mixedinteger linear. Computer software packages can be used to assist in earthing grid design by modeling and simulation of different earthing grid configurations. Cdegs worldwide leader in grounding, earthing, lightning. Gsa grounding system analysis for many practical low frequency. Gsa is an engineering software for earth grid calculations and design including soil resistivity analysis. One of the outputs that cdegs generates following such fault current simulation is the performance in line with step potential voltages.
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